Cornelia Adlhoch
1, Marco Kaiser
1 , Anna Loewa, Markus Ulrich, Christian Forbrig, Edgard V. Adjogoua, Chantal Akoua-Koffi, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Siv Aina J. Leendertz, Wolfram Rietschel, Christophe Boesch, Heinz Ellerbrok, Bradley S. Schneider, and Fabian H. Leendertz
Author affiliations: Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (C. Adlhoch, A. Loewa, M. Ulrich, C. Forbrig, H. Ellerbrok, F.H. Leendertz); GenExpress GmbH, Berlin (M. Kaiser); Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (E.V. Adjogoua, C. Akoua-Koffi, E. Couacy-Hymann); Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway (S.A.J. Leendertz); Botanical Zoological Garden, Stuttgart, Germany (W. Rietschel); Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany (C. Boesch); Global Viral Forecasting, San Francisco, California, USA (B.S. Schneider)
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Abstract
During 2010–2011, we investigated interspecies transmission of partetraviruses between predators (humans and chimpanzees) and their prey (colobus monkeys) in Côte d’Ivoire. Despite widespread infection in all species investigated, no interspecies transmission could be detected by PCR and genome analysis. All sequences identified formed species- or subspecies (chimpanzee)-specific clusters, which supports a co-evolution hypothesis.Since 2005, new parvoviruses have been discovered in the following groups: humans (parvovirus 4 [PARV4]), bats (
Eidolon helvum parvovirus 1), and other mammals (cows, pigs, wild boars, and sheep; Hong Kong virus) (
1–5). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these parvoviruses form a separate novel genus, with the proposed name of Partetravirus, within the subfamily
Parvovirinae. Globally, 3 genotypes of PARV4 have been found to infect humans (
6,7). Recently, PARV4-like viruses have also been described in chimpanzees and gorillas (
8). Researchers have suggested that partetraviruses have co-diverged with their hosts during mammalian evolution. Strains described so far have shown restricted sequence diversity within their host-specific clusters. However, the highly restricted sequence diversity of circulating variants of PARV4 also suggests that the virus has emerged and spread in the human population relatively recently. To clarify whether interspecies transmission is possible for primate PARV4-like viruses, as has been shown for other parvoviruses (
9), we investigated samples in a setting where transmission of certain simian viruses between these species has been documented (
10,11). We analyzed samples from wild chimpanzees (
Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire; their prey, red colobus monkeys (
Piliocolobus badius) and black-and-white colobus monkeys (
Colobus polykomos); and humans who hunt colobus monkeys in the same region.
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