CDC | TB | Treatment for Latent TB Infection (LTBI)
A new CDC Expert Commentary video titled New Regimen Makes Treating Latent TB Infection Easier is now available.
This commentary details the new 12-dose treatment regimen for latent TB infection and can be viewed on the Treatment for Latent TB Infection web page under “12-dose Regimen Products.”
Treatment for Latent TB Infection
Treatment of latent TB Infection greatly reduces the risk that TB infection will progress to TB disease. Certain groups are at very high risk of developing TB disease once infected. Every effort should be made to begin appropriate treatment and to ensure completion of the entire course of treatment for latent TB infection.Treatment Regimens for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Treatment of latent TB infection should be initiated after the possibility of TB disease has been excluded. Once the diagnosis of latent TB infection has been made, health care providers must choose the most appropriate and effective treatment regimen.The four treatment regimens use isoniazid (INH), rifapentine (RPT), or rifampin (RIF). Treatment must be modified if the patient is a contact of an individual with drug-resistant TB. Consultation with a TB expert is advised if the known source of TB infection has drug-resistant TB.
Table 1. Latent TB Infection Treatment Regimens
Drugs | Duration | Interval | Minimum doses |
---|---|---|---|
Isoniazid | 9 months | Daily | 270 |
Twice weekly* | 76 | ||
Isoniazid | 6 months | Daily | 180 |
Twice weekly* | 52 | ||
Isoniazid and Rifapentine | 3 months | Once weekly* | 12 |
Rifampin | 4 months | Daily | 120 |
Note: Due to the reports of severe liver injury and deaths, CDC recommends that the combination of rifampin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) should generally not be offered for the treatment of latent TB infection.
Although regimens are broadly applicable, there are modifications that should be considered under special circumstances (e.g., HIV infection, suspected drug resistance, pregnancy, or treatment of children). Table 1 lists the current recommended regimens. Refer to Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Treatment of Latent TB Infection and Recommendations for Use of an Isoniazid–Rifapentine Regimen with Direct Observation to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. for detailed information about the treatment of latent TB infection.
12–Dose Regimen Products
- Recommendations for Use of an Isoniazid–Rifapentine Regimen with Direct Observation to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. MMWR 2011;60:1650–1653
- New, Simpler Way to Treat Latent TB Infection–CDC Web Feature
- New Treatment Regimen for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (Video)
- New Regimen Makes Treating Latent TB Infection Easier (CDC Expert Video Commentary)
- New Treatment Regimen for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (Audio Podcast)
- CDC Issues Shorter Treatment Regimen for Latent TB Infection-Matte Article
- New Regimen Makes Treating TB Infection Easier-Matte Article
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