domingo, 12 de enero de 2014

Discovery and saturation analysis of cancer genes across 21 tumour types : Nature : Nature Publishing Group

Discovery and saturation analysis of cancer genes across 21 tumour types : Nature : Nature Publishing Group

Discovery and saturation analysis of cancer genes across 21 tumour types

Nature
 
 
doi:10.1038/nature12912
Received
 
Accepted
 
Published online
 

Abstract

Although a few cancer genes are mutated in a high proportion of tumours of a given type (>20%), most are mutated at intermediate frequencies (2–20%). To explore the feasibility of creating a comprehensive catalogue of cancer genes, we analysed somatic point mutations in exome sequences from 4,742 human cancers and their matched normal-tissue samples across 21 cancer types. We found that large-scale genomic analysis can identify nearly all known cancer genes in these tumour types. Our analysis also identified 33 genes that were not previously known to be significantly mutated in cancer, including genes related to proliferation, apoptosis, genome stability, chromatin regulation, immune evasion, RNA processing and protein homeostasis. Down-sampling analysis indicates that larger sample sizes will reveal many more genes mutated at clinically important frequencies. We estimate that near-saturation may be achieved with 600–5,000 samples per tumour type, depending on background mutation frequency. The results may help to guide the next stage of cancer genomics.

At a glance

Figures

left
  1. Mutation patterns for one known and two novel cancer genes.
    Figure 1
  2. Cancer genes in selected tumour types.
    Figure 2
  3. Cancer genes identified from a data set of 4,742 tumours.

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